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O Allah, send blessings upon Muhammad, as numerous as the raindrops, as countless as the sands of valleys and deserts, as abundant as the leaves of trees, as plentiful as the foam of seas, as vast as the waters of rivers, as heavy as the weights of mountains and stones, as numerous as the inhabitants of Paradise and Hell, as plentiful as the righteous and the wicked, and as varied as the fluctuations that occur through the night and day.

The birth of the prophet Muhammad ﷺ occurred at dawn on the twelfth night that had passed from Rabi^ al-‘Awwal, according to the most widely accepted opinion among the general public.

Ad-Dimyatiyy reported that the Sultan of the knowledgeable, the Egyptian Imam Jalalu l-Din As-Suyutiyy, may Allah have mercy on him, said: 'Indeed, the house, habitat, and mosque where the birth of Muhammad ﷺ is celebrated are surrounded by angels.

The Muslims spent the night before the battle in a state of peace and reassurance. During that night, Allah sent down drowsiness and tranquillity upon them, as mentioned in Suratu l-‘Anfal: ﴾إِذْ يُغَشِّيكُمُ النُّعَاسَ أَمَنَةً مِنْهُ وَيُنَزِّلُ عَلَيْكُمْ مِنَ السَّمَاءِ مَاءً لِيُطَهِّرَكُمْ بِهِ وَيُذْهِبَ عَنْكُمْ رِجْزَ الشَّيْطَانِ وَلِيَرْبِطَ عَلَىٰ قُلُوبِكُمْ وَيُثَبِّتَ بِهِ الْأَقْدَامَ﴿

The city of Constantinople, known today as Istanbul in Turkey, was established in the seventh century BCE. One of its most distinguishing features is its unique strategic location between Europe and Asia. In 330 CE, Constantinople became the capital of the Byzantine Empire, serving as its seat of power for approximately eleven hundred years until it fell to the Ottomans, who were the only ones able to conquer it.

Then, after they departed, ‘Abu Ma^bad, the husband of ‘Ummu Ma^bad arrived. His name was ‘Aktham. He came with some sheep, but they were emaciated. He had with him sheep that were weak, tired, and ewes devoid of milk. Not a single one had any milk.

The migration of our Prophet Muhammad ﷺ from Mecca to Medina was an event decreed by Allah Himself, imbued with profound lessons. This journey was neither a pursuit of comfort nor an act of fear, cowardice, or a withdrawal from the noble mission of spreading Islam.

The reason for his migration ﷺ was rooted in the growing concern of the Quraysh as they witnessed Muslims departing for Medina with their children and families. They feared that the Prophet, too, might migrate from Mecca to Medina, thus consolidating the Muslims into a formidable force.

  Before Quraysh reached Badr, they sent ^Umayr ibnu Wahb al-Jumahiyy to assess the strength of the army from Medina. ^Umayr rode his horse around the encampment, observing the forces, and then returned to Quraysh, reporting, "Three hundred men, perhaps a few more or less. But allow me time to see if there are any ambushes or reinforcements."