Ibnu Taymiyyah’s deviations from Muslim beliefs

والصَّلَاةُ والسَّلاَمُ عَلَى سَيّدِنَا مُحَمَّدٍ أَشْرَفِ اْلمُرْسَلِيْنَ وَعَلَى آلِهِ وَصَحْبِهِ الطَّيّبِيْنَ الطَّاهِرِيْن

Know that, although ‘ Ibnu Taymiyyah had many writings and a fame, he is as the Muhaddith, Hafidh, Faqih , Waliyyu d-Din al-^Iraqiyy, the son of the Shaykh of Huffadh, Zaynu d-Din al-^Iraqiyy , in his book “Al-‘ajwibatu l-mardiyyah” said about him: His knowledge is bigger than his mind. He also said: He infringed the ‘ijma^ in many issues, which was said to be sixty issues, some of which are in the ‘ Usul and others in the Furu^ [ Al-‘Usul is ^Ilmu t-tawhid, the Science of the belief in Allah and His Messenger. Al-Furu^ deals with the Islamic matters other than those of belief (‘Usul), such as prayer, fasting, and dealings.] After the ‘ijma^ has settled upon those issues, he violated it. Some lay people and others followed him in this violation. The scholars of his time hastened to refute him and charged him of bringing bid^ah [ bid^ah is innovation; something which is new some of which are Islamically acceptable and others are rejected. Here it refers to the prohibited innovation.] Among those was Imam, Hafidh, Taqiyyu d-Din ^Aliyyu bnu ^Abdi l-Kafi As-Subkiyy . In “Ad-durratu l-mudiyyah”, he said what means: ‘ Ibnu Taymiyyah innovated the foul things in the ‘Usul of belief and infringed the foundations of Islam, after he was covering himself with following the Book (the Qur’an) and Sunnah, showing outwardly that he is a caller to truth and a guide to the Jannah . Consequently, he deviated from following the Book and Sunnah to innovation, and deviated from the Jama^ah of the Muslims [The Jama^ah is the Muslim group following the Sunnah of Prophet Muhammadﷺ and his Sahabah. The full name is ‘Ahlu s-Sunnah wa l-Jama^ah. It constitutes the majority of the Muslims.] by infringing the ‘ijma^. He said what leads to the jismiyyah and composition in the Holy Self of Allah and that it is not impossible that Allah needs a part. He said that the Self of Allah contains hawadith (events, creations), that the Qur’an is muhdath (created) and Allah spoke it after it was not, that Allah speaks and stops speaking, and that wills happen in Him according to the creations. He transgressed to say that the world did not have a beginning. He adhered to his saying that there is no beginning for the creations, thereby saying of the existence of hawadith [Al-Hawadith, the plural of hadith, is a creation, i.e., something the existence of which started at some point in time and it may be annihilated any time later. Al-Jannah (Paradise) and Jahannam (Hellfire), two creations of Allah, will never be annihilated because Allah has willed that for them.] without a beginning. Hence, he confirmed that the eternal attribute (of Allah ) is created and the created hadith is eternal. No one has ever said both sayings in any religion. He was not among the seventy-three groups into which the Muslim ‘ Ummah was divided. In spite of all of this being horrible kufr (blasphemy), it is little compared to what he innovated in the Furu^.

Hafidh ‘Ab u Sa^id al-^Ala’iyy , the Shaykh of Hafidh Al-^Iraqiyy, mentioned many of these issues. This was reported by Muhaddith , Hafidh, and historian Shamsu d-Din‘Ibnu Tulunin “Dhakha’iru l-Qasr”. Among what was reported about ‘Ibnu Taymiyyah, is his saying that Allah is the site of creations, that the world is eternal by kind and it always has been created with Allah , and some of which his saying of the jismiyyah, direction, and movement (of Allah). ‘ Ibnu Taymiyyah wrote a juz’ (section) that Allah’s knowledge does not pertain to what does not end, like the enjoyment of the people of Jannah , and that Allah does not know everything about the finite, that our prophet Muhammadﷺ has no jah (status) and whoever performs tawassul by him is wrong. He wrote many papers about that. He said exaggeratedly that starting a trip to visit our prophet is a sin which invalidates shortening the prayer in it. Before ‘Ibnu Taymiyyah, no Muslim had said what he said. He said that the torture of the people of Hell stops and does not last forever. He was ordered to repent many times, but he broke his promises and agreements every time until he was imprisoned as per the fatwa of the Four Judges [The full text of this fatwa will be mentioned, by the will of Allah, at the end of the book.]one of whom was a Shafi^iyy , the second Malikiyy, the third Hanafiyy, and the fourth Hanbaliyy [A madh-hab is a framework inferred by a mujtahid from the Qur’an, Sunnah , ‘ijma^, and Qiyas, by which he deduces the judgements on the practical matters of Islam such as the purification, prayer, zakah, and pilgrimage. The Sunni schools which are available today are four: The Hanafiyy madh-hab, the Malikiyy madh-hab, the Shafi^iyy madh-hab , and the Hanbaliyy madh-hab. The respective founders of those madha’ib are: Imam ‘Ab u Hanifah (80-150 A.H.), Imam Malik (93-179 A.H.), Imam Ash- Shafi^iyy (150-204 A.H.), and Imam ‘Ibnu Hanbal (164-241 A.H.)] They passed the ruling that he was a straying man, against whom it is obligatory to warn, as was said in “^Uyunu t-tarikh” by Salahu d-Din As-Safadiyy, who was a student of ‘ Ibnu Taymiyyah and of Taqiyyu As-Subkiyy . King Muhammad‘ Ibnu Qalawun issued a decree to be read on the manabir [ Manabir is the plural of minbar which is a podium, an elevated platform for a speaker or the like.] in Egypt and ash-Sham (area including Lebanon, Syria, Jordan, and Palestine) to warn people against him and his followers.

Adh-Dhahabiyy, a contemporary of ‘Ibnu Taymiyyah, had praised him first. However, when his case was exposed to him, he said in his treatise, “Bayanu zaghali l-^ilmi wa t-talab”, page 17: By Allah, my eye has not fallen on a person who was more knowledgeable or more intelligent than a man called ‘Ibnu Taymiyyah. He showed zuhd (disinterest) in food, clothing, and women. He supported the truth and performed Jihad with every possible means. I got tired in weighing and digging him out. I got bored with that for long years. I found that as a result of his arrogance, self deceipt, excessive love to be the head of the scholars, and disdain with great people, he was falling behind the people of Egypt and ash-Sham; they hated him, degraded him, and charged him with lying and kufr. Look at the consequence of claim and love of appearance. We ask Allah for forgiveness. There are some people who are not more pious, knowledgeable, or zahid (careless about mundane matters) than he is. However, they overlook the sins of their friends. Allah did not empower those people over ‘ Ibnu Taymiyyah by their piety and greatness, but by his sins. What Allah warded off him and his followers is more; they only got some of what they deserve. Have no doubt about it. This treatise is confirmed about Adh-Dhahabiyy, because Hafidh As-Sakhawiyy reported this statement about him in his book “al-‘I^lamu bi t-tawbikh” on page 77.